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======= Slides and notes from meetings =======


[[dev_con_6:15:16_cadd_mls]]


======= Descriptives =======


====== Colorado ======


** Community Twin Study (CTS) and Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS) Descriptives **
^ Wave^ Sample Size - SAM^ % Male^ Mean (SD) Age^ Mean (SD) CPD |
| CTS Wave 1| 2005| 47%| 15.95 (1.73)| NA |
| CTS Wave 2| 1743| 45%| 21.32 (2.16)| 8.03 (7.49) |
| CTS Wave 3| 1735| 45%| 26.57 (2.28)| 8.68 (7.23) |
| LTS Wave 1| 752| 49%| 12.42 (.37)| NA |
| LTS Wave 2| 793| 47%| 17.26| 6.59 (6.67) |
| LTS Wave 3| 762| 47%| 22.81 (1.27)| 7.07 (6.69) |



====== FTP ======


** FTP Targets Descriptives **
^ Wave^ Sample Size^ % Male^ Mean (SD) Age^ Mean (SD) Cig Freq*^ Mean (SD) Alc Freq* |
| Wave 1| 440| 43%| 18.11 (.4)| 1.09 (1.84)| .75 (.89) |
| Wave 2| 440| 43%| 19.16 (.4)| 1.51 (2.07)| 1.23 (1.1) |
| Wave 4| 440| 43%| 21.13 (.41)| 1.48 (2.08)| 1.43 (1.06) |
| Wave 6| 440| 43%| 23.77 (.41)| 1.52 (2.12)| 1.4 (1.03) |
| Wave 8| 440| 43%| 25.77 (.44)| 1.58 (2.13)| 1.35 (1.03) |
| Wave 10| 440| 43%| 27.74 (.44)| 1.28 (2.02)| 1.26 (1.01) |
| Wave 12| 440| 43%| 29.59 (.4)| 1.32 (2.04)| 1.29 (1.06) |
| Wave 14| 440| 43%| 31.69 (.5)| 1.21 (1.99)| 1.28 (1.06) |


  *  *0 = Never, 1 = <1/week, 2 = 1-2/week, 3 = 3-4/week, 4 = 5-6/week, 5 = everyday


====== MLS ======


** Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS) Targets and Siblings **
^ Test Wave^ Sample Size^ % Male^ Mean (SD) Age^ Mean (SD) CPD^ Mean (SD) DPW |
| 1| 332| 67%| 11.42 (.34)| .17 (.76)| NA |
| 2| 345| 67%| 12.44 (.36)| 2.27 (8.31)| .21 (.61) |
| 3| 376| 73%| 13.45 (.37)| 1.36 (6.11)| .76 (3.27) |
| 4| 460| 69%| 14.43 (.38)| 1.88 (6.37)| .81 (2.79) |
| 5| 426| 67%| 15.46 (.35)| 2.97 (6.67)| 1.93 (4.44) |
| 6| 397| 71%| 16.45 (.35)| 4.15 (7.93)| 3.89 (9.56) |
| 7| 415| 71%| 17.44 (.35)| 2.17 (5.39)| 4.4 (9.88) |
| 18| 117| 57%| 18.39 (.4)| 8.84 (12.41)| 3.11 (6.68) |
| 19| 129| 60%| 19.48 (.44)| 4.38 (7.21)| 4.62 (7.05) |
| 20| 163| 64%| 20.48 (.56)| 4.73 (6.39)| 6.73 (10.25) |
| 21| 145| 61%| 21.47 (.61)| 5.04 (6.9)| 10.17 (14.07) |
| 22| 182| 69%| 22.44 (.36)| 7.24 (8.67)| 10.53 (13.08) |
| 23| 172| 71%| 23.43 (.37)| 9.6 (9.45)| 8.48 (12.07) |
| 24| 156| 63%| 24.44 (.36)| 8.51 (8.85)| 9.17 (14.4) |
| 25| 141| 70%| 25.32 (.82)| 7.91 (7.51)| 8.06 (11.84) |
| 26| 142| 69%| 26.37 (.38)| 10.28 (9.37)| 6.63 (8.67) |



====== AddHealth ======


** National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (AddHealth) Descriptives **
^ Wave^ Sample Size^ % Male^ Mean (SD) Age^ Mean (SD) CPD^ Mean (SD) DPW |
| 1| 20745| 49%| 16.15 (1.74)| 5.39 (7.92)| 1.91 (7.89)** |
| 2| 14738| 49%| 16.81 (1.62)| 5.51 (8.01)| 2.07 (8.03)** |
| 3| 15197| 47%| 22.36 (1.83)| 10.34 (9.95)*| 4.5 (10.61) |
| 4| 15701| 47%| 29.1 (1.75)| 9.26 (9.9)| 4.02 (9.49) |

  *  *only asked of regular smokers, not anyone who has ever tried even a puff of a cigarette
  *  **outliers removed


======= Cigarettes per Day =======


====== CADD ======

In CADD sufficient information to calculate CPD was present only at Waves 2 and 3 in LTS and CTS. We used the following questions from the CIDI-SAM (only asked to participants who smoked at least 20 cigarettes in lifetime AND smoked in the past 12 months):

**Questions**
  * Question B1B: How would you describe your usual pattern of cigarette smoking in the past 12 months? Would you describe it as...
    *  Every day?
    *  5 or 6 days a week?
    *  3 or 4 days a week?
    *  1 or 2 days a week?
    *  1 to 3 days a month
    *  Less than once a month?

  *  Question B1C: In the past 12 months when you were smoking cigarettes (FREQUENCY IN B1B), how many would you usually smoke in a day? IF MORE THAN 95, CODE 96: ______ (# Cigarettes)

**Recoding and Transforming**

Question B1B was recoded from ordinal to numeric variable of days smoked in 365 days using the following conversions.
  *  Every day -> 365 days
  *  5 or 6 days a week -> 286 days/year (5.5 days/week * 52 weeks/year)
  *  3-4 days a week -> 182 days/year (3.5 days/week * 52 weeks/year)
  *  1-2 days a week -> 78 days/year (1.5 days/week * 52 weeks/year)
  *  1-3 days a month -> 24 days/year (.46 days/week * 52 weeks / year)
  *  Less than once a month -> NA

**Combining Variables**

The recoded question B1B was then multiplied by B1C, and divided result by 365 to get average cigarettes per day over the last 12 months.

After data cleaning, the distributions of these variables looked like this: 

{{:file_cts_cpd.jpeg}}
{{:file_ltscpd.jpeg}}

Changes over time to average CPD:

{{:file_cts_cpd_spaghetti.jpeg}}
{{:file_lts_cpd_spaghetti.jpeg}}

To examine the correlation between computed CPD variables over the waves, measures were log-transformed, controlling for sex.

**CTS Variables**

{{:file_cpdctssex.jpeg}}

** Sex-Controlled CTS Cigs Per Day Variable Correlations (Log-Transformed) **
^ ^ Wave 1 Computed^ Wave 2 Computed |
| Wave 1 Computed| 1|  |
| Wave 2 Computed| .66| 1 |
 |


**LTS Variables**

{{:file_cpdltssexvar.jpeg}}

** Sex-Controlled LTS Cigs Per Day Variable Correlations (Log-Transformed) **
^ ^ Wave 1 Computed^ Wave 2 Computed |
| Wave 1 Computed| 1|  |
| Wave 2 Computed| .2| 1 |
 |



====== FTP ======


CPD is only available for parents of target individuals (G1 generation). Measures of alcohol/tobacco use frequency only are available for the G2 generation. 

**Questions**

  * Question XtobMo: For wave X, past month frequency of tobacco use (targets and target sibs ONLY):
    *  0 = Never
    *  1 = Less than once a week
    *  2 = 1-2 times a week
    *  3 = 3-4 times a week
    *  4 = 5-6 times a week
    *  5 = Every day

  * Question Xtob: For wave X, current tobacco use (parents of targets ONLY):
    *  1 = Yes
    *  2 = No

  *  Question Xcig: For wave X, current cigarettes per day (parents of targets ONLY): # Cigarettes

The change over time in frequency by age looks like this (added jitter):

{{:file_ftp_tob_freq.jpeg}}

  *  *0 = Never, 1 = <1/week, 2 = 1-2/week, 3 = 3-4/week, 4 = 5-6/week, 5 = everyday


====== AddHealth ======


**Questions**

Wave 1:

  * Question H1TO5: During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 
    *  Answers range from 0-30 days; options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip
    *  Asked of everyone who has ever tried cigarette smoking (even just 1 or 2 puffs), regardless of smoking regularity

  * Question H1TO7: During the past 30 days, on the days you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?
    *  Answers range from 0-95 cigarettes; options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip
    *  Not asked if to H1TO5 = 0

Wave 2:

  * Question H2TO5: During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?
    *  Answers range from 0-30 days; options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip
    *  Asked of everyone who has ever tried cigarette smoking since the month of last interview (even just 1 or 2 puffs), regardless of smoking regularity

  * Question H2TO7: During the past 30 days, on the days you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?
    *  Answers range from 0-95 cigarettes; options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip
    *  Asked even if response to H2TO5=0

Wave 3: 

  * Question H3TO6: Have you ever smoked at all in the past 30 days?
    *  0 = no
    *  1 = yes
    *  Options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip, missing
    *  Only asked of current, regular (smoked at least one cigarette a day for the last 30 days) smokers; not asked of current smokers who do not smoke daily.

  * Question H3TO7: During the past 30 days, on how many did you smoke cigarettes?
    *  Answers range from 0-30 days; options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip, missing
    *  Only asked if answer to H3TO6 != 0
    *  Only asked of current, regular (smoked at least one cigarette a day for the last 30 days) smokers; not asked of current smokers who do not smoke daily.

  * Question H3TO10: During the past 30 days, on the days you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?
    *  Answers range from 1-100 cigarettes; options for refused, legitimate skip, don't know, not applicable, missing
    *  Only asked if answer to H3TO6 != 0
    *  Only asked of current, regular (smoked at least one cigarette a day for the last 30 days) smokers; not asked of current smokers who do not smoke daily.

Wave 4: 

  * Question H4TO5: During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?
    *  Answers range from 0-30 days; options for refused, don't know

  * Question H4TO6: During the past 30 days, on the days you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke each day?
    *  Answers range from 1-100 cigarettes; options for refuse, legitimate skip, don't know
    *  Not asked if H4TO5 = 0, refused, or don't know

**Combining Variables**
The smoking days per month variables were combined with the cigarettes per day variables, then divided by 30 to get a measure of average cigarettes per day over the last month:
  *     *  CPD1 = (H1TO5*H1TO7)/30
    *  CPD2 = (H2TO5*H2TO7)/30
    *  CPD3 = (H3TO07*H3TO10)/30
    *  CPD4 = (H4TO5*H4TO6)/30

The distribution of the CPD variables looked like this:

{{:file_add_health_cpd.jpg}}

The change in CPD over time (added jitter) looks like this:

{{:file_add_health_cpdspaghetti.jpg}}


====== MLS ======

Subjects were assessed over time with different measures in two groups; A1-7 and A18-26. CPD was asked at both time points with the variable CIG3

**Questions**
  * Question CIG3: Cigarettes in past 30 days
    *  0 = not at all
    *  1 = less than one cigarette per day
    *  2 = one to five cigarettes per day
    *  3 = about one-half pack per day
    *  4 = about one pack per day
    *  5 = about one and one-half packs per day
    *  6 = two packs or more per day
    *  8 = NA (No smoking in lifetime OR no smoking in last 12 months)
    *  9 = missing

**Recoding and Transforming**

Question CIG3 was recoded from ordinal to numeric using the following conversions (assuming 20 cigarettes/pack).
  *  0 = 0
  *  1 = .5 *
  *  2 = 3.5
  *  3 = 10
  *  4 = 20
  *  5 = 30
  *  6 = 40
  *  8 = NA
  *  9 = NA
  *  * Subjects who indicated smoking less than one cigarette per day were set at .5 to differentiate them from non-smokers. Because they do not indicate smoking a whole cigarette, they were not set at 1.

The distribution of cigarettes per day over test time (Test variable, X axis), which roughly corresponds as 1-7 = 11-17 years, and 18-26 as 18-26 years old (see Descriptives), looked like this (added jitter):

{{:file_mlscpd.jpeg}}


====== MTFS ======



======= Drinks per Week =======



====== CADD ======


Waves 1-3 of CTS and LTS were used to create drinks per week measures. There is a computed variable for Waves 1 and 2 and a measured variable for Waves 2 and 3:

**Computed Variable:** 

Questions from the CIDI-SAM supplement and the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Questionnaire were used to compute a drinks per week variable for Waves 1 and 2. Individuals who indicated never drinking were set to missing. Individuals who indicated drinking but not in the last 180 days were set to 0.

  * Question SAMX2F (supplement): How many days have you used alcohol in the past 6 months (180 days)? # Days

  *  Question MTF7 (MTF): When you drink, how many drinks do you usually have at a single occasion?
    *  1
    *  2
    *  3-4
    *  5-10
    *  10 or more

**Recoding and Transforming:**

Question MTF7 was recoded from ordinal to numeric variable of drinks at a typical occasion using the following conversions.
  *     *  1 -> 1
    *  2 -> 2
    *  3-4 -> 3.5
    *  5-10 -> 7.5
    *  10+ -> 10

**Combining variables:**

Divided # of days drunk in last 180 by 26 to get days drunk in typical week, then multiplied by recoded # of drinks at typical occasion to get typical drinks per week.

After data cleaning, the distribution of the computed variable looked like this:

{{:file_cts12_dpw.jpeg}}
{{:file_lts12_dpw.jpeg}}

Change over time to DPW:

{{:file_cts_dpw12_spaghetti.jpeg}}
{{:file_lts_dpw12_spaghetti.jpeg}}

**Measured Variable:**

Waves 2 and 3 were directly asked in the CIDI-SAM about their drinks per week. Only individuals who indicated drinking at least one drink (at least one of: can or bottle of beer, glass of wine or wine cooler, shot of hard liquor, or mixed drink with liquor) in the last 12 months were asked these questions. Individuals who did not indicate drinking at least one drink in the past month were set to missing.

**Questions:**

  *  SAM C2TOT4: Total number of drinks in the last week: # drinks

  *   SAM C3TOT4: Total number of drinks in a typical week, if different from the last week: # drinks

**Combining variables:**

Used # from C3TOT4 if available, otherwise used # from C2TOT4.

After data cleaning, the distribution of the measured variable looked like this:

{{:file_cts23_dpw.jpeg}}
{{:file_lts23_dpw.jpeg}}

Change over time to DPW:

{{:file_cts_dpw23_spaghetti.jpeg}}
{{:file_lts_dpw23_spaghetti.jpeg}}

To examine the correlation between computed and measured DPW variables over the waves, measures were left-anchored by adding a constant of 1 to all measures, then log-transformed, controlling for sex.

**CTS Variables**

{{:file_sexvardpw.jpeg}}

** Sex-Controlled CTS Drinks Per Week Variable Correlations (Log-Transformed) **
^ ^ Wave 1 Computed^ Wave 2 Computed^ Wave 2 Measured^ Wave 3 Measured |
| Wave 1 Computed| 1| | |  |
| Wave 2 Computed| .15| 1| |  |
| Wave 2 Measured| .15| .63| 1|  |
| Wave 3 Measured| .05| .39| .3| 1 |
 |


**LTS Variables**

{{:file_sexvar_ltsdpw.jpeg}}

** Sex-Controlled LTS Drinks Per Week Variable Correlations (Log-Transformed) **
^ ^ Wave 1 Computed^ Wave 2 Computed^ Wave 2 Measured^ Wave 3 Measured |
| Wave 1 Computed| 1| | |  |
| Wave 2 Computed| -.16| 1| |  |
| Wave 2 Measured| -.4| .58| 1|  |
| Wave 3 Measured| -.44| .21| .26| 1 |
 |



====== FTP ======

There is no measure of drinking quantity available (beyond binge drinking measures). Frequency measures are available in the G2 generation.

**Questions:**

  * Question XalcMo: For wave X, past month frequency of alcohol use (targets and target sibs ONLY):
    *  0 = Never
    *  1 = Less than once a week
    *  2 = 1-2 times a week
    *  3 = 3-4 times a week
    *  4 = 5-6 times a week
    *  5 = Every day

The change over time in frequency by age looks like this (added jitter):

{{:file_ftp_alc_freq.jpeg}}

  *  *0 = Never, 1 = <1/week, 2 = 1-2/week, 3 = 3-4/week, 4 = 5-6/week, 5 = everyday


====== AddHealth ======


**Questions**

Wave 1:

  * Question H1TO15: During the past 12 months, on how many days did you drink alcohol?
    *  1 = Every day or almost every day
    *  2 = 3-5 days a week
    *  3 = 1-2 days a week
    *  4 = 2-3 days a month
    *  5 = Once a month or less (3-12 times in the past 12 months)
    *  6 = 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months
    *  7 = Never
    *  Options for refused, legitimate skip, don't know
    *  Only asked if ever had a drink more than 2 or 3 times (not just a sip or taste of someone else's drink)

Question H1TO16: Think of all the times you have had a drink during the past 12 months. How many drinks did you usually have each time?
  *     *  Answers range from 1-90 drinks
    *  Not asked if H1TO15=7, refused, don't know

Wave 2: 

  * Question H2TO19: During the past 12 months, on how many days did you drink alcohol?
    *  1 = Every day or almost every day
    *  2 = 3-5 days a week
    *  3 = 1-2 days a week
    *  4 = 2-3 days a month
    *  5 = Once a month or less (3-12 times in the past 12 months)
    *  6 = 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months
    *  7 = Never
    *  Options for refused, legitimate skip, don't know
    *  Only asked if ever had a drink more than 2 or 3 times since month of last interview (not just a sip or taste of someone else's drink)

  * Question H2TO20: Think of all the times you have had a drink during the past 12 months. How many drinks did you usually have each time?
    *  Answers range from 1-95 drinks
    *  Not asked if H2TO19 = 7, refused, don't know

Wave 3: 

  * Question H3TO38: During the past 12 months, on how many days did you drink alcohol? //Note: This will need to be recoded to match W1/2//
    *  0 = None
    *  1 = 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months
    *  2 = Once a month or less (3-12 times in the past 12 months)
    *  3 = 2-3 days a month
    *  4 = 1-2 days a week
    *  5 = 3-5 days a week
    *  6 = Every day or almost every day
    *  Options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip, not applicable, missing
    *  Only asked if, since June 1995, subject ever had a drink of beer, wine, or liquor more than 2 or 3 times (does not include sips or tastes from someone else's drink)

  * Question H3TO39: Think of all the times you have had a drink during the past 12 months. How many drinks did you usually have each time?
    *  Answers range from 1-18 drinks; options for refused, legitimate skip, don't know, not applicable, missing
    *  Not asked if H3TO38 = 0

Wave 4: 

  * Question H4TO35: During the past 12 months, on how many days did you drink alcohol? //Note: This will need to be recoded to match W1/2//
    *  0 = None
    *  1 = 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months
    *  2 = Once a month or less (3-12 times in the past 12 months)
    *  3 = 2-3 days a month
    *  4 = 1-2 days a week
    *  5 = 3-5 days a week
    *  6 = Every day or almost every day
    *  Options for refused, don't know, legitimate skip, not applicable, missing
    *  Only asked if ever had a drink more than 2 or 3 times (not just a sip or taste of someone else's drink)

  * Question H4TO36: Think of all the times you have had a drink during the past 12 months. How many drinks did you usually have each time?
    *  Answers range from 1-18; options for refuse, legitimate skip, don't know
    *  Not asked if H4TO35 = 0

**Recoding and Transforming**

Questions H1TO15 and H2TO19 were recoded from ordinal to numeric using the following conversions:
  *     *  1 -> 365
    *  2 -> 208
    *  3 -> 78
    *  4 -> 30
    *  5 -> 7.5 
    *  6 -> 1.5 
    *  7 -> 0
    *  Others -> NA

Questions H3TO38 and H4TO35 were recoded from ordinal to numeric using the following conversions:
  *     *  0 -> 0
    *  6 -> 365
    *  5 -> 208
    *  4 -> 78
    *  3 -> 30
    *  2 -> 7.5 
    *  1 -> 1.5
    *  Others -> NA

**Combining variables:**

The transformed drinking days per year variables were multiplied by the drinks per day variables, then divided by 52 to get an average drinks per week over the last year:
  *     *  DPW1 = (Recoded H1TO15 * H1TO16)/52
    *  DPW2 = (Recoded H2TO19 * H2TO20)/52
    *  DPW3 = (Recoded H3TO38 * H3TO39)/52
    *  DPW4 = (Recoded H4TO35 * H4TO36)/52

After data cleaning, the distributions of the DPW variables looked like this:

{{:file_add_health_dpw.jpg}}

The change over time to average DPW (added jitter) looked like this:

{{:file_add_health_dpwspaghetti.jpg}}


====== MLS ======

Subjects were assessed over time with different measures in two groups; A1-7 and A18-26. Drinking quantity was asked at both time points. with the variable CIG3

**Questions**
A1-A7:

  * Question DAYPERMO: Days per month drinking in last 6 months

  * Question DRINKDAY: Drinks per day in last 6 months

A18-26:

  * Question DOA1: Days per month drinking in last 6 months

  * Question DOA2: Drinks per day in last 6 months

**Combining Variables**
Drinks Per Week variables were created by multiplying days drunk in last 6 months by drinks per day in last 6 months, then dividing by 4:

  *     *  DPWA1-A7= (DAYPERMO*DRINKDAY)/4
    *  DPWA18-26 = (DOA1*DOA2)/4

The distribution of cigarettes per day over test time (Test variable, X axis), which roughly corresponds as 1-7 = 11-17 years, and 18-26 as 18-26 years old (see Descriptives), looked like this (added jitter):

{{:file_mlsdpw.jpeg}}


====== MTFS ======
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